Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

1. Fever, cough, dyspnea

2. Tachycardia, bradypnea

3. Hypotension, confusion

4. Abdominal pain, diarrhea

The correct answer is: Fever, cough, dyspnea

The signs and symptoms of pneumonia typically include fever, cough, and dyspnea. Fever is a common response to infection, indicating that the body is fighting off the invading pathogens. Coughing is often present as the body tries to clear mucus and other debris from the airways; it can be productive (with sputum) or nonproductive. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, occurs due to inflammation and infection in the lung tissue, which impairs gas exchange and can reduce oxygen levels in the bloodstream. Together, these symptoms are hallmark indicators of pneumonia and help in the assessment and diagnosis of this respiratory condition. The other options include symptoms that can be associated with various medical conditions but are not characteristic of pneumonia. Tachycardia and bradypnea may indicate other issues, such as cardiovascular or respiratory problems, while hypotension and confusion can occur in severe infections or other medical emergencies but are not specific to pneumonia. Abdominal pain and diarrhea are more indicative of gastrointestinal issues rather than respiratory infections. Understanding these key symptoms helps EMTs effectively recognize and respond to pneumonia in patients.