Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

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What does atherosclerosis entail?

  1. Accumulation of white blood cells in the arteries

  2. Hardening of the heart valves

  3. Buildup of fibrous scar tissue in the arteries

  4. Buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries

The correct answer is: Buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries

Atherosclerosis is primarily characterized by the buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries, leading to the formation of plaque. This process occurs when low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and other substances accumulate on the artery walls. Over time, the plaque can harden or become unstable, significantly narrowing the arteries and restricting blood flow, which may contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Understanding this condition is crucial for EMTs as it highlights the importance of recognizing symptoms related to cardiovascular issues and making informed decisions about emergency care and interventions. The other options do not accurately describe atherosclerosis; for example, while the accumulation of white blood cells does play a role in inflammatory processes within the arterial wall, it is not the defining characteristic of the disease. Similarly, hardening of heart valves and buildup of scar tissue do not pertain to the atherosclerotic process itself, which is focused on cholesterol and fat deposition.

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