Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

What is the term for a condition where respiratory distress, dropping blood pressure, and a late sign of tracheal deviation are present?

1. Active; pressure drops, air is sucked in

2. Air between pleural linings; lungs can't fully inflate leading to a collapsed lung

3. Respiratory distress; dropping bp; jdv, tracheial deviation is a late sign; 3 side occlusive dressing

4. Either bruise to lung; or bruise to heart; AMI like chest pain, arrhythmias and disturbances

The correct answer is: Respiratory distress; dropping bp; jdv, tracheial deviation is a late sign; 3 side occlusive dressing

The condition described involves respiratory distress, dropping blood pressure, and tracheal deviation as a late sign. This combination of symptoms is indicative of a tension pneumothorax. In this situation, air becomes trapped in the pleural space and leads to increased pressure that not only compromises lung function but also restricts venous return to the heart, ultimately resulting in a drop in blood pressure. The reference to tracheal deviation emphasizes the seriousness of the condition. Trachea deviation towards one side indicates a significant shift in thoracic structures due to the pressure differential caused by trapped air. This is considered a late and critical sign, alerting healthcare providers to the urgent need for intervention. The mention of using three-sided occlusive dressings correlates with the management of an open chest wound, suggesting the importance of preventing further air entry or facilitating air escape from the pleural cavity, which is crucial for restoring normal respiratory function and cardiovascular stability. Understanding the pathophysiology and signs is essential for EMTs to identify and effectively manage this life-threatening emergency.