Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

What type of chemical burn is worse, acid or alkali?

1. acid is worse

2. alkali is worse

3. neutral pH is worse

4. depends on concentration

The correct answer is: alkali is worse

Alkali burns are generally considered worse than acid burns for several reasons. Alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide (lye) or potassium hydroxide, have the capability to penetrate tissues more deeply and cause more extensive damage over a longer duration. They create a saponification reaction with fatty tissues, turning them into soap, which can result in deeper tissue destruction that may continue as long as the alkali remains in contact with the skin. The severity of a burn can also depend on the concentration of the chemical; however, alkalis tend to cause more severe injuries even at lower concentrations compared to acids. While both types of burns can cause significant harm, the tendency of alkalis to lead to more prolonged and severe damage is why they are often viewed as worse. Neutral pH is irrelevant in the context of burns, as it doesn't refer to a chemical burn type. Therefore, understanding the nature of alkalis and their biochemical interactions helps clarify why they pose a greater risk in chemical burn scenarios.