Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

Which of the following is a sign of compartment syndrome?

1. tissue necrosis

2. swelling improvement

3. normal cellular perfusion

4. hard extremity and normal pulses

The correct answer is: hard extremity and normal pulses

In the context of compartment syndrome, the correct identification of symptoms is crucial for diagnosis and timely intervention. A noteworthy sign of compartment syndrome is the presence of a hard extremity coupled with normal pulses. This occurs because as increased pressure builds within the muscle compartment, it leads to swelling and tightness of the tissues. The rigidity of the affected extremity can feel firm to the touch, hence described as "hard." Additionally, compartment syndrome can impair blood flow, but initially, pulses might remain normal due to collateral circulation. The situation is critical because normal pulses in the presence of hardness suggest that while blood circulation may still be present, there is urgent need to alleviate the pressure before it leads to irreversible damage, such as tissue necrosis. The other options describe conditions that are not consistent with the normal signs of compartment syndrome. They highlight extremes, such as tissue necrosis or improved swelling, which indicate a different or late stage of the condition, rather than the immediate signs that would help in early recognition and intervention of compartment syndrome. Understanding these signs is key for emergency responders and medical professionals to act promptly and effectively.