Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

Which regulatory system is responsible for regulating peristalsis?

1. central nervous system

2. somatic nervous system

3. autonomic nervous system

4. enteric nervous system

The correct answer is: autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating involuntary bodily functions, including peristalsis, which is the rhythmic contraction of muscles in the gastrointestinal tract that moves food along the digestive system. This system operates without conscious control, meaning it manages processes like digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate automatically. Peristalsis specifically is influenced by the autonomic nervous system, with the parasympathetic branch stimulating digestive activities and enhancing peristalsis, while the sympathetic branch can inhibit these processes during times of stress or danger. This duality allows the body to prioritize essential functions and maintain homeostasis efficiently while processing nutrients. In contrast, the central nervous system primarily processes sensory information and initiates voluntary movement, while the somatic nervous system governs voluntary muscle control over skeletal muscles. The enteric nervous system does independently regulate gastrointestinal functions, but it operates as a component of the autonomic nervous system. Thus, the broader regulatory framework falls under the autonomic nervous system.